Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias present in a variety of forms, each with its own set of symptoms depending on the person. For example, Lewy body dementia can cause vivid hallucinations in some individuals, while those living with Alzheimer’s may not have the same experience.

Despite the differences, most dementia types follow a shared path marked by progressive stages. Being able to recognize which stage a loved one may be navigating can help guide care decisions now and in the future.

Here’s a closer look at the three common stages of dementia and what symptoms may look like during each.

Early Stage

Early stages of dementia can be challenging to identify. Some signs may seem like everyday forgetfulness—especially during busy, stressful times. Occasional memory lapses happen to all of us, so there’s no need for alarm unless a clear pattern starts to emerge. If repeated forgetfulness becomes noticeable, it’s wise to consult a physician. Early intervention can lead to treatments that may help slow the progression of cognitive loss.

Common early-stage symptoms include misplacing everyday items, forgetting recent conversations or names, or struggling to recall specific words. People might also notice changes in their mental sharpness, such as difficulty staying organized or completing multi-step tasks. Another warning sign is an individual may begin to struggle with tasks they were very once good at. For example, someone known to be an organized planner becomes cluttered and often misplaces items.

Though a dementia diagnosis can be overwhelming, confirming it early gives individuals and families more time to plan. It also creates opportunities to make healthy lifestyle changes and explore memory therapies designed to support cognitive function.

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Middle Stage

As Alzheimer's or dementia progresses into the middle stage, symptoms become more apparent. In Alzheimer’s disease, for example, the damage to brain cells continues to worsen, often over several years.

People in this stage may forget familiar places, key facts about their lives, or even their own address. They may become lost in a once-familiar neighborhood or become disoriented in new environments.

Behavioral and personality changes also become more evident. Individuals might seem more withdrawn, easily agitated, or confused in social situations. Some may express paranoid thoughts or repeat the same stories or concerns.

Physical habits and sleep patterns can also shift. Someone may develop repetitive behaviors like tearing up paper or fidgeting. Daytime drowsiness may increase, while nighttime restlessness becomes more frequent. Challenges with dressing weather appropriate or reaching the bathroom in time are also common during this stage.

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Late Stage

In the later stages of dementia, symptoms often become quite severe. Recognizing loved ones becomes very difficult, and mobility often declines significantly. Speech may become challenging, and daily tasks like eating or walking grow increasingly difficult.

As the disease advances, the ability to swallow is impaired, increasing the risk of complications such as pneumonia. At this stage, round-the-clock support is essential to assist with dressing, bathroom needs, eating, and taking medicine.

While individuals in this stage have a difficult time conversing, they can still find comfort in familiar voices, gentle touch, and music they once loved. Even if your loved one has trouble recognizing you, emotional connections remain meaningful, and your presence can still soothe your loved one.

Having the Conversation

Talking about care plans with a loved one can feel overwhelming and stressful but having these discussions early can help you understand what their needs and preferences for the future are. If deemed necessary, the transition to a memory care community can be easier in the earlier stages of Alzheimer’s or dementia—so try to have the conversation about care plans early. When possible, involve their physician in the conversation. Attending a doctor’s appointment together can clarify which stage of dementia they may be in and help determine what support is appropriate now and moving forward.

If you’re considering memory support services at a continuing care retirement community, the team at Episcopal Church Home is here to support your family every step of the way. We welcome your questions and are happy to help explore the best options for your loved one.

Explore Memory Care at ECH

At Episcopal Church Home, our specially trained memory care team is dedicated to providing compassionate and person-centered support. Residents are treated with respect, dignity, and warmth—within a vibrant community designed to help them thrive. If you or a loved one are exploring memory care options, we invite you to visit our memory care community and learn how Episcopal Church Home can provide peace of mind for your whole family.

To schedule a complimentary tour, contact our Director of Community Relations, Elizabeth Pace, at (502) 736-8043 or epace@erslife.org.

Download our free Dementia Guidebook to learn more about cognitive health and care options.